To help understand the diversity that exists in Canadian mathematics education, this contribution focuses on the reality of English Canada, complementing the separate studies we have completed on Québec and New Brunswick. As a country that is officially «bilingual» (English/French), Canada has unique constitutional considerations within education: each region must provide minority populations with both primary and secondary level education in their own language (English in Québec, French elsewhere), yet education remains the sole responsibility of the individual provinces and territories. Officially, Québec is «unilingual», New Brunswick is «bilingual» and the remainder of English Canada is composed of French-speaking minority populations, who are guaranteed schooling in French according to the Charter. Regular weekly French instruction is offered in most English schools, and full French immersion programs are also offered in many jurisdictions.