To increase understanding of the diversity that exists in Canadian mathematics education, this contribution focuses on Québec, complementing the separate papers that we have also written on New
Brunswick and English Canada. The Canadian educational context involves both linguistic and
constitutional factors: each region must provide primary and secondary education to minorities in their
own language (English in Québec, French everywhere else), yet education remains the exclusive responsibility of the provinces and territories. Officially, Québec is unilingual, New Brunswick is bilingual, and the remainder of English Canada involves pockets of French-speaking minority populations, members of which are guaranteed schooling in French according to the Charter. Regular French instruction classes are offered in most English schools, and full French immersion programs are also provided in many jurisdictions.