Most of the curricula, at an international level, encourage an interdisciplinary approach for the teaching of both mathematics and sciences. In this
context, interdisciplinarity is often promoted as a fruitful way of making students
aware of the links existing between mathematics and the sciences. History of science can be considered as an inspiring ground for the elaboration of teaching sequences where mathematical and scientific knowledge and skills are integrated. In this paper, examples of such integration are presented through the use of two distinct historical episodes dealing with Greek and Chinese early cosmologies. From these cosmologies teaching sequences (involving historical elements mixed with non-historical ones) have been elaborated in order to provide students with elementary astronomical
knowledge dealing with scientific and mathematical knowledge and skills.