This paper is a kind of guide for a historical introduction to the beginnings of probability and statistics (limited to the end of 19th century), through the « Reading of Master », introductive to a mathematical course. For the author, it is especially important to know the major hesitations, misuses and difficulties in the past, in order to construct modern interpretations of notions and results with a critical open eye, especially for the benefit of future mathematics teachers. Among the subjects discussed: average, probability and expectation: addition proportion multiplicity and average, percentage; statistics, combinatorics, frequency, asymptotic calculus, normal law; least squares method.