In this contribution, we propose two historical studies on mathematics in MediterraneanCountries. In the introduction, first of all, we intendto place our purpose ata right levelprecising our willingnessto study those mathematics in clearly defined spaces and times, butnot in their globality. After that, we focus onmathematics studied in Abbaco Schools in Mediaeval Italy and their relationship with works written by Fibonacci (d. after 1241) in the thirteenth century, one of the mathematicians who best represents mathematics in theMediterranean Basin. Last but not least, we present transfersof both mathematics books and European Teachers to Southern Countries of the Mediterranean Sea that occurred during the Ottoman period of the eighteenth century.Less presentin the historiography, we would like to show that they can’tbe omitted from the idea here illustrated of Mediterranean Mathematics.